Publications in 2019
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2019
- Philipp Meyer, Franz Korf, Till Steinbach, and Thomas C Schmidt. Simulation of Mixed Critical In-vehicular Networks. In: Recent Advances in Network Simulation. Pages 317—345, 2019, Springer,
[Abstract], [Online], [ArXiv], [Bibtex]Future automotive applications ranging from advanced driver assistance to autonomous driving will largely increase demands on in-vehicular networks. Data flows of high bandwidth or low latency requirements, but in particular many additional communication relations will introduce a new level of complexity to the in-car communication system. It is expected that future communication backbones which interconnect sensors and actuators with Electronic Control Units (ECUs) in cars will be built on Ethernet technologies. However, signaling from different application domains demands for network services of tailored attributes, including real-time transmission protocols as defined in the Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) Ethernet extensions. These Quality of Service (QoS) constraints will increase network complexity even further. Event-based simulation is a key technology to master the challenges of an in-car network design. This chapter introduces the domain-specific aspects and simulation models for in-vehicular networks and presents an overview of the car-centric network design process. Starting from a domain-specific description language, we cover the corresponding simulation models with their workflows and apply our approach to a related case study for an in-car network of a premium car.
@InCollection{ mkss-smcin-19, author = {Meyer, Philipp and Korf, Franz and Steinbach, Till and Schmidt, Thomas C}, title = {{Simulation of Mixed Critical In-vehicular Networks}}, booktitle = {Recent Advances in Network Simulation}, year = 2019, pages = {317--345}, publisher = {Springer}, url = {https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-12842-5_10}, eprinttype = {arxiv}, eprint = {1808.03081}, abstract = {Future automotive applications ranging from advanced driver assistance to autonomous driving will largely increase demands on in-vehicular networks. Data flows of high bandwidth or low latency requirements, but in particular many additional communication relations will introduce a new level of complexity to the in-car communication system. It is expected that future communication backbones which interconnect sensors and actuators with Electronic Control Units (ECUs) in cars will be built on Ethernet technologies. However, signaling from different application domains demands for network services of tailored attributes, including real-time transmission protocols as defined in the Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) Ethernet extensions. These Quality of Service (QoS) constraints will increase network complexity even further. Event-based simulation is a key technology to master the challenges of an in-car network design. This chapter introduces the domain-specific aspects and simulation models for in-vehicular networks and presents an overview of the car-centric network design process. Starting from a domain-specific description language, we cover the corresponding simulation models with their workflows and apply our approach to a related case study for an in-car network of a premium car.}, groups = {own, publications, simulation, qos, tsn}, langid = {english} } - Mehmet Cakir, Timo Häckel, Sandra Reider, Philipp Meyer, Franz Korf, and Thomas C. Schmidt. A QoS Aware Approach to Service-Oriented Communication in Future Automotive Networks. In: 2019 IEEE Vehicular Networking Conference (VNC). Piscataway, NJ, USA, Dec. 2019, IEEE Press,
[Abstract], [Online], [ArXiv], [Bibtex]Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) is about to enter automotive networks based on the SOME/IP middleware and an Ethernet high-bandwidth communication layer. It promises to meet the growing demands on connectivity and flexibility for software components in modern cars. Largely heterogeneous service requirements and time-sensitive network functions make Quality-of-Service (QoS) agreements a vital building block within future automobiles. Existing middleware solutions, however, do not allow for a dynamic selection of QoS. This paper presents a service-oriented middleware for QoS aware communication in future cars. We contribute a protocol for dynamic QoS negotiation along with a multi-protocol stack, which supports the different communication classes as derived from a thorough requirements analysis. We validate the feasibility of our approach in a case study and evaluate its performance in a simulation model of a realistic in-car network. Our findings indicate that QoS aware communication can indeed meet the requirements, while the impact of the service negotiations and setup times of the network remain acceptable provided the cross-traffic during negotiations stays below 70% of the available bandwidth.
@InProceedings{ chrmk-qosso-19, author = {Mehmet Cakir AND Timo H{\"a}ckel AND Sandra Reider AND Philipp Meyer AND Franz Korf AND Thomas C. Schmidt}, title = {{A QoS Aware Approach to Service-Oriented Communication in Future Automotive Networks}}, booktitle = {2019 IEEE Vehicular Networking Conference (VNC)}, location = {Los Angeles, California, USA}, month = dec, year = 2019, publisher = {IEEE Press}, address = {Piscataway, NJ, USA}, url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.01805}, eprinttype = {arxiv}, eprint = {1911.01805}, abstract = {Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) is about to enter automotive networks based on the SOME/IP middleware and an Ethernet high-bandwidth communication layer. It promises to meet the growing demands on connectivity and flexibility for software components in modern cars. Largely heterogeneous service requirements and time-sensitive network functions make Quality-of-Service (QoS) agreements a vital building block within future automobiles. Existing middleware solutions, however, do not allow for a dynamic selection of QoS. This paper presents a service-oriented middleware for QoS aware communication in future cars. We contribute a protocol for dynamic QoS negotiation along with a multi-protocol stack, which supports the different communication classes as derived from a thorough requirements analysis. We validate the feasibility of our approach in a case study and evaluate its performance in a simulation model of a realistic in-car network. Our findings indicate that QoS aware communication can indeed meet the requirements, while the impact of the service negotiations and setup times of the network remain acceptable provided the cross-traffic during negotiations stays below 70\% of the available bandwidth.}, groups = {own, publications, simulation, qos}, langid = {english} } - Timo Häckel, Philipp Meyer, Franz Korf, and Thomas C. Schmidt. SDN4CoRE: A Simulation Model for Software-Defined Networking for Communication over Real-Time Ethernet. In: Proceedings of the 6th International OMNeT++ Community Summit 2019. Pages 24—31, Dec. 2019, EasyChair,
[Abstract], [Online], [DOI], [ArXiv], [Bibtex]Ethernet has become the next standard for automotive and industrial automation networks. Standard extensions such as IEEE 802.1Q Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) have been proven to meet the real-time and robustness requirements of these environments. Augmenting the TSN switching by Software- Defined Networking functions promises additional benefits: A programming option for TSN devices can add much value to the resilience, security, and adaptivity of the environment. Network simulation allows to model highly complex networks before assembly and is an essential process for the design and validation of future networks. Still, a simulation environment that supports programmable real-time networks is missing. This paper fills the gap by sharing our simulation model for Software-Defined Networking for Communication over Real-Time Ethernet (SDN4CoRE) and present initial results in modeling programmable real-time networks. In a case study, we show that SDN4CoRE can simulate complex programmable real-time networks and allows for testing and verifying the programming of real-time devices.
@InProceedings{ hmks-smsdn-19, author = {Timo H{\"a}ckel and Philipp Meyer and Franz Korf and Thomas C. Schmidt}, editor = {Meyo Zongo and Antonio Virdis and Vladimir Vesely and Zeynep Vatandas and Asanga Udugama and Koojana Kuladinithi and Michael Kirsche and Anna F{\"o}rster}, title = {{SDN4CoRE: A Simulation Model for Software-Defined Networking for Communication over Real-Time Ethernet}}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 6th International OMNeT++ Community Summit 2019}, month = dec, year = 2019, pages = {24--31}, volume = {66}, publisher = {EasyChair}, url = {https://easychair.org/publications/paper/1TnZ}, issn = {2398-7340}, doi = {10.29007/w71t}, eprinttype = {arxiv}, eprint = {1908.09649}, abstract = {Ethernet has become the next standard for automotive and industrial automation networks. Standard extensions such as IEEE 802.1Q Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) have been proven to meet the real-time and robustness requirements of these environments. Augmenting the TSN switching by Software- Defined Networking functions promises additional benefits: A programming option for TSN devices can add much value to the resilience, security, and adaptivity of the environment. Network simulation allows to model highly complex networks before assembly and is an essential process for the design and validation of future networks. Still, a simulation environment that supports programmable real-time networks is missing. This paper fills the gap by sharing our simulation model for Software-Defined Networking for Communication over Real-Time Ethernet (SDN4CoRE) and present initial results in modeling programmable real-time networks. In a case study, we show that SDN4CoRE can simulate complex programmable real-time networks and allows for testing and verifying the programming of real-time devices.}, series = {EPiC Series in Computing}, bibsource = {EasyChair, https://easychair.org}, groups = {own, publications, simulation, omnet, tsn, security, sdn}, langid = {english} } - Philipp Meyer, Timo Häckel, Franz Korf, and Thomas C. Schmidt. DoS Protection through Credit Based Metering - Simulation-Based Evaluation for Time-Sensitive Networking in Cars. In: Proceedings of the 6th International OMNeT++ Community Summit 2019. Pages 52—59, Dec. 2019, EasyChair,
[Abstract], [Online], [DOI], [ArXiv], [Bibtex]Ethernet is the most promising solution to reduce complexity and enhance the bandwidth in the next generation in-car networks. Dedicated Ethernet protocols enable the real-time aspects in such networks. One promising candidate is the IEEE 802.1Q Time-Sensitive Networking protocol suite. Common Ethernet technologies, however, increases the vulnerability of the car infrastructure as they widen the attack surface for many components. In this paper proposes an IEEE 802.1Qci based algorithm that on the one hand, protects against DoS attacks by metering incoming Ethernet frames. On the other hand, it adapts to the behavior of the Credit Based Shaping algorithm, which was standardized for Audio/Video Bridging, the predecessor of Time-Sensitive Networking. A simulation of this proposed Credit Based Metering algorithm evaluates the concept.
@InProceedings{ mhks-dpcbm-19, author = {Philipp Meyer and Timo H{\"a}ckel and Franz Korf and Thomas C. Schmidt}, editor = {Meyo Zongo and Antonio Virdis and Vladimir Vesely and Zeynep Vatandas and Asanga Udugama and Koojana Kuladinithi and Michael Kirsche and Anna F{\"o}rster}, title = {{DoS Protection through Credit Based Metering - Simulation-Based Evaluation for Time-Sensitive Networking in Cars}}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 6th International OMNeT++ Community Summit 2019}, month = dec, year = 2019, pages = {52--59}, volume = {66}, publisher = {EasyChair}, url = {https://easychair.org/publications/paper/BtKC}, issn = {2398-7340}, doi = {10.29007/pxrk}, eprinttype = {arxiv}, eprint = {1908.09646}, abstract = {Ethernet is the most promising solution to reduce complexity and enhance the bandwidth in the next generation in-car networks. Dedicated Ethernet protocols enable the real-time aspects in such networks. One promising candidate is the IEEE 802.1Q Time-Sensitive Networking protocol suite. Common Ethernet technologies, however, increases the vulnerability of the car infrastructure as they widen the attack surface for many components. In this paper proposes an IEEE 802.1Qci based algorithm that on the one hand, protects against DoS attacks by metering incoming Ethernet frames. On the other hand, it adapts to the behavior of the Credit Based Shaping algorithm, which was standardized for Audio/Video Bridging, the predecessor of Time-Sensitive Networking. A simulation of this proposed Credit Based Metering algorithm evaluates the concept.}, series = {EPiC Series in Computing}, bibsource = {EasyChair, https://easychair.org}, groups = {own, publications, simulation, omnet}, langid = {english} } - Till Steinbach. Ethernet-based Network Architectures for Future Real-time Systems in the Car. In: ATZ worldwide. Pages 72—77, Jul. 2019,
[Online], [DOI], [Bibtex]@Article{ s-enafr-19, author = {Steinbach, Till}, title = {Ethernet-based Network Architectures for Future Real-time Systems in the Car}, journal = {ATZ worldwide}, month = jul, year = 2019, pages = {72--77}, volume = {121}, number = {7}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s38311-019-0071-x}, issn = {2192-9076}, doi = {10.1007/s38311-019-0071-x}, day = {01}, groups = {own, publications}, langid = {english} } - Till Steinbach. Ethernet-basierte Netzwerkarchitekturen für künftige Echtzeitsysteme im Automobil. In: ATZ - Automobiltechnische Zeitschrift. Pages 86—91, Jul. 2019,
[Online], [DOI], [Bibtex]@Article{ s-enkea-19, author = {Steinbach, Till}, title = {Ethernet-basierte Netzwerkarchitekturen f{\"u}r k{\"u}nftige Echtzeitsysteme im Automobil}, journal = {ATZ - Automobiltechnische Zeitschrift}, month = jul, year = 2019, pages = {86--91}, volume = {121}, number = {7}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s35148-019-0071-6}, issn = {2192-8800}, doi = {10.1007/s35148-019-0071-6}, day = {01}, groups = {own, publications}, langid = {ngerman} } - Moritz Höwer. Effiziente GPU-basierte Klassifizierung von Fahrspuren auf eingebetteten Echtzeitsystemen. Jun. 2019, Bachelorthesis. Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften Hamburg.
[Abstract], [Fulltext Document (pdf)], [Bibtex]In dieser Arbeit wird ein Algorithmus zur Erkennung und Klassifizierung von Fahr- spurmarkierungen aus LiDAR-Daten entwickelt. Damit dieser für die Umsetzung eines Autobahnpiloten genutzt werden kann, muss er robust sein und außerdem in Echtzeit auf einer NVIDIA AGX Xavier Platform laufen. Um dies zu erreichen wird der Algorithmus auf einer GPU beschleunigt und optimiert. Die mittlere Laufzeit konnte dabei auf 7 ms reduziert werden, ohne Robustheit einzubüßen. Es wird darauf geachtet, dass der Algorithmus leicht erweiterbar ist und schnell an veränderte Voraussetzungen angepasst werden kann.
@MastersThesis{ h-egkfe-19, author = {Moritz H{\"o}wer}, title = {Effiziente GPU-basierte Klassifizierung von Fahrspuren auf eingebetteten Echtzeitsystemen}, month = jun, year = 2019, school = {Hochschule f{\"u}r Angewandte Wissenschaften Hamburg}, address = {Hamburg}, abstract = {In dieser Arbeit wird ein Algorithmus zur Erkennung und Klassifizierung von Fahr- spurmarkierungen aus LiDAR-Daten entwickelt. Damit dieser f{\"u}r die Umsetzung eines Autobahnpiloten genutzt werden kann, muss er robust sein und au{\ss}erdem in Echtzeit auf einer NVIDIA AGX Xavier Platform laufen. Um dies zu erreichen wird der Algorithmus auf einer GPU beschleunigt und optimiert. Die mittlere Laufzeit konnte dabei auf 7 ms reduziert werden, ohne Robustheit einzub{\"u}{\ss}en. Es wird darauf geachtet, dass der Algorithmus leicht erweiterbar ist und schnell an ver{\"a}nderte Voraussetzungen angepasst werden kann.}, type = {bachelorsthesis}, entrysubtype = {bachelorsthesis}, groups = {own, thesis}, langid = {ngerman} } - Anushavan Melkonyan. Prototyp-basierte Analyse eines automobilen Kommunikations-Backbones am Beispiel einer Steer-by-Wire-Anwendung. Jun. 2019, Bachelorthesis. Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften Hamburg.
[Abstract], [Fulltext Document (pdf)], [Bibtex]Das Ziel dieser Bachelorarbeit ist die prototyp-basierte Analyse eines TSN-Kommunikations- Backbones am Beispiel einer Steer-by-Wire-Anwendung. Anhand der Virtual Local Area Networks (VLAN) soll untersucht werden, wie sich die Kommunikation in einem gemeinsamen Netzwerk sowohl zwischen priorisierten echtzeitbasierten Anwendungen als auch nicht-priorisierten echtzeitbasierten Anwendungen verhält. Es soll dabei analysiert werden, ob der nicht-priorisierte zeitkritische Cross-Traffic Auswirkung auf die Echtzeitfähigkeit des Systems hat. Des Weiteren wird geprüft, ob die priorisierten Nachrichten durch den Cross-Traffic beeinflusst werden. Dazu werden die Latenz sowie der daraus berechnete Jitter untersucht.
@MastersThesis{ m-paakb-19, author = {Anushavan Melkonyan}, title = {Prototyp-basierte Analyse eines automobilen Kommunikations-Backbones am Beispiel einer Steer-by-Wire-Anwendung}, month = jun, year = 2019, school = {Hochschule f{\"u}r Angewandte Wissenschaften Hamburg}, address = {Hamburg}, abstract = {Das Ziel dieser Bachelorarbeit ist die prototyp-basierte Analyse eines TSN-Kommunikations- Backbones am Beispiel einer Steer-by-Wire-Anwendung. Anhand der Virtual Local Area Networks (VLAN) soll untersucht werden, wie sich die Kommunikation in einem gemeinsamen Netzwerk sowohl zwischen priorisierten echtzeitbasierten Anwendungen als auch nicht-priorisierten echtzeitbasierten Anwendungen verh{\"a}lt. Es soll dabei analysiert werden, ob der nicht-priorisierte zeitkritische Cross-Traffic Auswirkung auf die Echtzeitf{\"a}higkeit des Systems hat. Des Weiteren wird gepr{\"u}ft, ob die priorisierten Nachrichten durch den Cross-Traffic beeinflusst werden. Dazu werden die Latenz sowie der daraus berechnete Jitter untersucht.}, type = {bachelorsthesis}, entrysubtype = {bachelorsthesis}, groups = {own, thesis, tsn}, langid = {ngerman} } - Sebastian Szancer. Konzept eines V2X Application-Level Gateways - Hauptseminar. Mai. 2019,
[Abstract], [Fulltext Document (pdf)], [Slides (pptx)], [Bibtex]Moderne Fahrzeuge sind heute Teilnehmer in diversen Netzwerken, von VANETs (Vehicular ad-hoc Networks) bis hin zum Internet. Sie kommunizieren mit anderen Fahrzeugen, der Infrastruktur, wie z.B. Ampeln und mit Services in der Cloud. Diese V2X Kommunikation ist von zentraler Bedeutung für die Einführung von innovativen Funktionen wie ``over the air`` ECU Software Updates, optimaler Navigation und Routenplanung oder autonomem koordinierten Fahren. Es ist zwingend notwendig, dass die V2X Kommunikation entsprechend abgesichert wird, da sie sicherheitskritische Funktionen umfasst. Die Absicherung geschieht durch ein V2X Security Gateway im Fahrzeug, welches den Fahrzeug-internen Diensten, die mit der Außenwelt kommunizieren, als Proxy dient und sowohl die kryptografische Sicherheit, als auch die Sicherheit auf dem Internet-, Transport- und Application-Layer gewährleistet. Die zentrale Komponente eines solchen V2X Security Gateways ist das V2X Application-Level Gateway, welches die Proxy-Funktion, die kryptografische Sicherheit und Sicherheit auf dem Application-Layer realisiert. Diese Arbeit stellt das Konzept eines solchen V2X Application-Level Gateways für IP-basierten Traffic vor.
@TechReport{ s-kvalg-19, author = {Sebastian Szancer}, title = {{Konzept eines V2X Application-Level Gateways - Hauptseminar}}, month = may, year = 2019, institution = {CoRE Research Group, Hochschule f{\"u}r Angewandte Wissenschaften Hamburg}, abstract = {Moderne Fahrzeuge sind heute Teilnehmer in diversen Netzwerken, von VANETs (Vehicular ad-hoc Networks) bis hin zum Internet. Sie kommunizieren mit anderen Fahrzeugen, der Infrastruktur, wie z.B. Ampeln und mit Services in der Cloud. Diese V2X Kommunikation ist von zentraler Bedeutung f{\"u}r die Einf{\"u}hrung von innovativen Funktionen wie ``over the air`` ECU Software Updates, optimaler Navigation und Routenplanung oder autonomem koordinierten Fahren. Es ist zwingend notwendig, dass die V2X Kommunikation entsprechend abgesichert wird, da sie sicherheitskritische Funktionen umfasst. Die Absicherung geschieht durch ein V2X Security Gateway im Fahrzeug, welches den Fahrzeug-internen Diensten, die mit der Au{\ss}enwelt kommunizieren, als Proxy dient und sowohl die kryptografische Sicherheit, als auch die Sicherheit auf dem Internet-, Transport- und Application-Layer gew{\"a}hrleistet. Die zentrale Komponente eines solchen V2X Security Gateways ist das V2X Application-Level Gateway, welches die Proxy-Funktion, die kryptografische Sicherheit und Sicherheit auf dem Application-Layer realisiert. Diese Arbeit stellt das Konzept eines solchen V2X Application-Level Gateways f{\"u}r IP-basierten Traffic vor.}, groups = {own, seminar, security}, langid = {ngerman} } - Timo Häckel, Philipp Meyer, Franz Korf, and Thomas C. Schmidt. Software-Defined Networks Supporting Time-Sensitive In-Vehicular Communication. In: 2019 IEEE 89th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2019-Spring). Pages 1—5, Piscataway, NJ, USA, Apr. 2019, IEEE Press,
[Abstract], [Fulltext Document (pdf)], [DOI], [ArXiv], [Bibtex]Future in-vehicular networks will be based on Ethernet. The IEEE Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) is a promising candidate to satisfy real-time requirements in future car communication. Software-Defined Networking (SDN) extends the Ethernet control plane with a programming option that can add much value to the resilience, security, and adaptivity of the automotive environment. In this work, we derive a first concept for combining Software-Defined Networking with Time-Sensitive Networking along with an initial evaluation. Our measurements are performed via a simulation that investigates whether an SDN architecture is suitable for time-critical applications in the car. Our findings indicate that the advanced control overhead of SDN can be added without a delay penalty for the TSN traffic when protocols are mapped properly.
@InProceedings{ hmks-snsti-19, author = {Timo H{\"a}ckel and Philipp Meyer and Franz Korf and Thomas C. Schmidt}, title = {{Software-Defined Networks Supporting Time-Sensitive In-Vehicular Communication}}, booktitle = {2019 IEEE 89th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2019-Spring)}, location = {Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia}, month = apr, year = 2019, pages = {1--5}, publisher = {IEEE Press}, address = {Piscataway, NJ, USA}, issn = {1090-3038}, doi = {10.1109/VTCSpring.2019.8746473}, eprinttype = {arxiv}, eprint = {1903.08039}, keywords = {IEEE standards;local area networks;protocols;software defined networking;telecommunication traffic;vehicular ad hoc networks;future in-vehicular networks;real-time requirements;future car communication;Ethernet control plane;time-critical applications;software-defined networks;software-defined networking;time-sensitive in-vehicular communication;IEEE time-sensitive networking;programming option;SDN architecture;TSN traffic;Control systems;Real-time systems;Standards;Ethernet;Security;Automotive engineering;Robustness}, abstract = {Future in-vehicular networks will be based on Ethernet. The IEEE Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) is a promising candidate to satisfy real-time requirements in future car communication. Software-Defined Networking (SDN) extends the Ethernet control plane with a programming option that can add much value to the resilience, security, and adaptivity of the automotive environment. In this work, we derive a first concept for combining Software-Defined Networking with Time-Sensitive Networking along with an initial evaluation. Our measurements are performed via a simulation that investigates whether an SDN architecture is suitable for time-critical applications in the car. Our findings indicate that the advanced control overhead of SDN can be added without a delay penalty for the TSN traffic when protocols are mapped properly.}, groups = {own, publications, simulation, tsn, security, sdn}, langid = {english} } - Jonas Schäufler. Ausgewählte sicherheitsrelevante Use-Cases einer zonen-basierten autmotive Netzwerk Architektur - Grundprojekt. Mär. 2019,
[Fulltext Document (pdf)], [Bibtex]@TechReport{ s-uczna-19, author = {Jonas Sch{\"a}ufler}, title = {{Ausgew{\"a}hlte sicherheitsrelevante Use-Cases einer zonen-basierten autmotive Netzwerk Architektur - Grundprojekt}}, month = mar, year = 2019, institution = {CoRE Research Group, Hochschule f{\"u}r Angewandte Wissenschaften Hamburg}, groups = {own, seminar, security}, langid = {ngerman} }