Publications in 2021 (English)
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2021
- Philipp Meyer, Timo Häckel, Sandra Reider, Franz Korf, and Thomas C. Schmidt. Network Anomaly Detection in Cars: A Case for Time-Sensitive Stream Filtering and Policing. In: . Dec. 2021,
[Abstract], [ArXiv], [Bibtex]Connected cars are vulnerable to cyber attacks. Security challenges arise from vehicular management uplinks, from signaling with roadside units or nearby cars, as well as from common Internet services. Major threats arrive from bogus traffic that enters the in-car backbone, which will comprise of Ethernet technologies in the near future. Various security techniques from different areas and layers are under discussion to protect future vehicles. In this paper, we show how Per-Stream Filtering and Policing of IEEE Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) can be used as a core technology for identifying misbehaving traffic flows in cars, and thereby serve as network anomaly detectors. TSN is the leading candidate for implementing quality of service in vehicular Ethernet backbones. We classify the impact of network attacks on traffic flows and benchmark the detection performance in each individual class. Based on a backbone topology derived from a real car and its traffic definition, we evaluate the detection system in realistic scenarios with real attack traces. Our results show that the detection accuracy depends on the precision of the in-vehicle communication specification, the traffic type, the corruption layer, and the attack impact on the link layer. Most notably, the anomaly indicators of our approach remain free of false positive alarms, which is an important foundation for implementing automated countermeasures in future vehicles.
@Article{ mhrks-nadct-21, author = {Philipp Meyer AND Timo H{\"a}ckel AND Sandra Reider AND Franz Korf AND Thomas C. Schmidt}, title = {{Network Anomaly Detection in Cars: A Case for Time-Sensitive Stream Filtering and Policing}}, month = dec, year = 2021, eprinttype = {arxiv}, eprint = {2112.11109}, abstract = {Connected cars are vulnerable to cyber attacks. Security challenges arise from vehicular management uplinks, from signaling with roadside units or nearby cars, as well as from common Internet services. Major threats arrive from bogus traffic that enters the in-car backbone, which will comprise of Ethernet technologies in the near future. Various security techniques from different areas and layers are under discussion to protect future vehicles. In this paper, we show how Per-Stream Filtering and Policing of IEEE Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) can be used as a core technology for identifying misbehaving traffic flows in cars, and thereby serve as network anomaly detectors. TSN is the leading candidate for implementing quality of service in vehicular Ethernet backbones. We classify the impact of network attacks on traffic flows and benchmark the detection performance in each individual class. Based on a backbone topology derived from a real car and its traffic definition, we evaluate the detection system in realistic scenarios with real attack traces. Our results show that the detection accuracy depends on the precision of the in-vehicle communication specification, the traffic type, the corruption layer, and the attack impact on the link layer. Most notably, the anomaly indicators of our approach remain free of false positive alarms, which is an important foundation for implementing automated countermeasures in future vehicles.}, groups = {own, publications, simulation}, langid = {english} } - Tobias Haugg, Mohammad Fazel Soltani, Timo Häckel, Philipp Meyer, Franz Korf, and Thomas C. Schmidt. Simulation-based Evaluation of a Synchronous Transaction Model for Time-Sensitive Software-Defined Networks. In: Proceedings of the 8th International OMNeT++ Community Summit 2021. Oct. 2021,
[Abstract], [Slides (pdf)], [ArXiv], [Bibtex]Real-time networks based on Ethernet require robust quality-of-service for time-critical traffic. The Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) collection of standards enables this in real-time environments like vehicle on-board networks. Runtime reconfigurations in TSN must respect the deadlines of real-time traffic. Software-Defined Networking (SDN) moves the control plane of network devices to the SDN controller, making these networks programmable. This allows reconfigurations from a central point in the network. In this work, we present a transactional model for network reconfigurations that are synchronously executed in all network devices. We evaluate its performance in a case study against non-transactional reconfigurations and show that synchronous transactions enable consistency for reconfigurations in TSN without increased latencies for real-time frames.
@InProceedings{ hshmk-ssttn-21, author = {Tobias Haugg and Mohammad Fazel Soltani and Timo H{\"a}ckel and Philipp Meyer and Franz Korf and Thomas C. Schmidt}, title = {{Simulation-based Evaluation of a Synchronous Transaction Model for Time-Sensitive Software-Defined Networks}}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 8th International OMNeT++ Community Summit 2021}, month = oct, year = 2021, eprinttype = {arxiv}, eprint = {2110.00236}, abstract = {Real-time networks based on Ethernet require robust quality-of-service for time-critical traffic. The Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) collection of standards enables this in real-time environments like vehicle on-board networks. Runtime reconfigurations in TSN must respect the deadlines of real-time traffic. Software-Defined Networking (SDN) moves the control plane of network devices to the SDN controller, making these networks programmable. This allows reconfigurations from a central point in the network. In this work, we present a transactional model for network reconfigurations that are synchronously executed in all network devices. We evaluate its performance in a case study against non-transactional reconfigurations and show that synchronous transactions enable consistency for reconfigurations in TSN without increased latencies for real-time frames. }, groups = {own, publications, simulation, omnet}, langid = {english}, archiveprefix = {arXiv}, primaryclass = {cs.NI} } - Sebastian Szancer. Traffic Analysis in V2X Application-Level Gateways. Apr. 2021, Masterthesis. Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften Hamburg.
[Abstract], [Fulltext Document (pdf)], [Bibtex]Future cars will communicate with a variety of entities ranging from other vehicles and infrastructure, such as traffic lights, to Internet-based services running on remote servers. This V2X communication is essential for future vehicles, since it increases traffic safety and traffic efficiency, contributes to easier vehicle maintenance and also plays an important role for the realisation of autonomous vehicles. It is necessary that V2X communication is appropriately secured, especially since it includes safety-critical communication. This can be done with a V2X Security Gateway in the vehicle, which serves as a proxy for vehicle-internal services communicating with the outside world and ensures cryptographic security as well as security on the internet-, transport- and application layer. A central component of such a V2X Security Gateway is the V2X Application-Level Gateway, which ensures security on the application layer, including a context-sensitive semantic analysis of application data, detection of application layer protocol violations and detection of application layer DoS attacks. It also realises the proxy-functionality and ensures cryptographic security. This work presents a concept and prototype implementation of such a V2X Application-Level Gateway. The implementation was evaluated with the V2X Application-Level Gateway software run on an Intel NUC integrated in a test network representing an internal vehicle network. In this network, consisting of an Edgecore SDN switch and Intel NUCs and Raspberry Pis representing vehicle ECUs, several V2X scenarios like remotely controlling the vehicle trunk via HTTP, receiving traffic updates via MQTT and a basic V2V traffic safety service using the ETSI CAM were simulated. Each scenario included realistic attacks devised for evaluating the V2X Application-Level Gateway. It was shown that with the traffic analysis in the V2X Application-Level Gateway all attacks could be detected and handled.
@MastersThesis{ s-tavag-21, author = {Sebastian Szancer}, title = {{Traffic Analysis in V2X Application-Level Gateways}}, month = apr, year = 2021, school = {Hochschule f{\"u}r Angewandte Wissenschaften Hamburg}, address = {Hamburg}, abstract = {Future cars will communicate with a variety of entities ranging from other vehicles and infrastructure, such as traffic lights, to Internet-based services running on remote servers. This V2X communication is essential for future vehicles, since it increases traffic safety and traffic efficiency, contributes to easier vehicle maintenance and also plays an important role for the realisation of autonomous vehicles. It is necessary that V2X communication is appropriately secured, especially since it includes safety-critical communication. This can be done with a V2X Security Gateway in the vehicle, which serves as a proxy for vehicle-internal services communicating with the outside world and ensures cryptographic security as well as security on the internet-, transport- and application layer. A central component of such a V2X Security Gateway is the V2X Application-Level Gateway, which ensures security on the application layer, including a context-sensitive semantic analysis of application data, detection of application layer protocol violations and detection of application layer DoS attacks. It also realises the proxy-functionality and ensures cryptographic security. This work presents a concept and prototype implementation of such a V2X Application-Level Gateway. The implementation was evaluated with the V2X Application-Level Gateway software run on an Intel NUC integrated in a test network representing an internal vehicle network. In this network, consisting of an Edgecore SDN switch and Intel NUCs and Raspberry Pis representing vehicle ECUs, several V2X scenarios like remotely controlling the vehicle trunk via HTTP, receiving traffic updates via MQTT and a basic V2V traffic safety service using the ETSI CAM were simulated. Each scenario included realistic attacks devised for evaluating the V2X Application-Level Gateway. It was shown that with the traffic analysis in the V2X Application-Level Gateway all attacks could be detected and handled.}, type = {mastersthesis}, entrysubtype = {mastersthesis}, langid = {english} } - Mehmet Cakir. Security with Software-Defined Networking in Automotive Networks - Forschungswerkstatt 1. Feb. 2021,
[Abstract], [Fulltext Document (pdf)], [Slides (pdf)], [Bibtex]Cars are constantly equipped with new functions and intelligence. As the car becomes more open to it's environment using Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication technologies, the necessity of security requirements becomes apparent. The concept of Software-Defined Networking (SDN) promises to simplify the control over network flows and devices. This work shows the current state of automotive networks and their security requirements. Furthermore, the concept of SDN and security concepts of SDN are explained. Finally, expectations of the use of SDN in cars will be discussed.
@TechReport{ c-ssdna-21, author = {Mehmet Cakir}, title = {{Security with Software-Defined Networking in Automotive Networks - Forschungswerkstatt 1}}, month = feb, year = 2021, institution = {CoRE Research Group, Hochschule f{\"u}r Angewandte Wissenschaften Hamburg}, abstract = {Cars are constantly equipped with new functions and intelligence. As the car becomes more open to it's environment using Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication technologies, the necessity of security requirements becomes apparent. The concept of Software-Defined Networking (SDN) promises to simplify the control over network flows and devices. This work shows the current state of automotive networks and their security requirements. Furthermore, the concept of SDN and security concepts of SDN are explained. Finally, expectations of the use of SDN in cars will be discussed.}, groups = {own, seminar, security, automotive, sdn}, langid = {english} }